The cPanel update fails due to a problem installing RPMs, but is not specific about what the problem is:

[20160203.180007] Testing if the newly downloaded RPMS can be installed without conflict
[20160203.180007] Testing RPM transaction
[20160203.180012] 
[20160203.180012] ***** FATAL: Test install failed: 
[20160203.180012] The Administrator will be notified to review this output when this script completes
[20160203.180012] ***** FATAL: Error testing if the RPMs will install: Died at /usr/local/cpanel/scripts/updatenow.static-cpanelsync line 12529.
[20160203.180012] see http://go.cpanel.net/rpmcheckfailed for more information

This error is more frequently seen when attempting to upgrade from older cPanel versions (usually 11.34) to newer ones after resolving update blockers that were previously preventing cPanel from being upgraded.

To resolve this:

cd /usr/local/cpanel/tmp/rpm_downloads

rpm -Uvh *.rpm

You should then be able to see where the conflict is occurring so you can resolve it manually before attempting the update again.  This is most often caused by RPMs installed from third-party Yum repositories that conflict with RPMs that cPanel is trying to manage.

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